Activated Carbon

Activated carbon is a form of carbon that has been processed to create a highly porous structure with an enormous surface area — up to 1,000 m²/g — enabling it to adsorb gases, impurities, toxins, or heavy metals with exceptional efficiency.

1.Raw Materials Used in Production

Activated carbon can be made from various carbon-rich materials, including:

  • Coconut shells: Vietnam's leading raw material, abundant in Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang.
  • Anthracite coal: Mainly sourced from Quang Ninh.
  • Wood (hardwood, bamboo): Tràm, eucalyptus, longan, lychee wood.
  • Sawdust and agricultural residues: Used to make briquetted carbon.

2. Production Process of Activated Carbon

The manufacturing process involves two main steps:

1. Carbonization:

Raw materials are heated at 600–900°C in the absence of oxygen to remove volatile components and retain carbon content.

2. Activation:

The carbonized product is further treated at 800–1000°C using steam or CO₂ to develop a network of micro-pores.

Two activation methods:

  • Physical activation: Uses heat and steam.
  • Chemical activation: Uses agents like KOH or ZnCl₂.

3.Common Types of Activated Carbon

🔹 By Form:

Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC): Fine particles, suitable for blending into liquids.

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): Irregular shape, 0.2–5 mm, used in water filtration systems.

Extruded/Pelletized Carbon: Cylindrical shape, ideal for air filtration units.

🔹 By Raw Material:

Coconut shell activated carbon: High hardness, micro-porous, excellent for water and air filtration.

Coal-based activated carbon: Strong in industrial wastewater treatment.

Wood-based activated carbon: Contains mesopores, suitable for air purification and cosmetics.

4. Key Applications of Activated Carbon

Water purification (residential & industrial):

  • Removes chlorine, odor, organic matter, and heavy metals.
  • Used in RO systems, well water filters, fish tanks.

Air & gas purification:

  • Eliminates odors, VOCs, toxic gases in HVAC systems and industrial exhaust.

Medical & pharmaceutical uses:

  • Treats poisoning and overdoses, used in activated charcoal tablets.

Food & beverage processing:

  • Decolorization in sugar, alcohol, and oil production.

Cosmetics & personal care:

  • Deep skin cleansing, featured in toothpaste, facial masks, soaps.

5. Vietnam’s Export Market for Activated Carbon

Major Markets:

  • Japan & South Korea: Prefer coconut-based pellets for water/air filters.
  • EU & USA: Require strict certifications (REACH, FDA).
  • Middle East: Buys in bulk for BBQ use and air filtration.

Vietnam’s Advantages:

  • Stable raw material supply all year.
  • Competitive production cost.
  • Rapid improvements in processing technology.

6. Opportunities and Challenges

✅ Opportunities:

  • Global demand is rising due to pollution control and food safety standards.
  • Many governments support eco-friendly materials.

⚠️ Challenges:

  • Strong competition from India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka.
  • Increasingly strict global regulations on product quality and traceability.

Activated carbon is not just an industrial material — it’s a critical solution for modern living. With natural resource advantages and improving production capabilities, Vietnam is well-positioned to become a leading producer and exporter of activated carbon in the region.

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